$1.$ Define the terms software testing, specification$-$based testing, testability, and failure.

$2.$ Briefly describe each of the following characteristics as it applies to OO programming $$ user$-$defined type, data

hiding, abstract class, and polymorphism. For each characteristic state how it affects the testing of OO code.

$3.$ State the three $(3)$ most important testing laws$/$hypotheses from the Handbook of Software and Systems

Engineering. $($These can be found in Chapter $3$ of the book$)$

Briefly explain the law$/$hypothesis by Dijkstra

$4.$ The D&D Corporation requests that you build a software system $($WizSter$)$ that allows customers to download

free software. The software is stored in a decentralized manner, i$.$e$.,$ each customer$$s computer can be used to

store the software. The D&D Corporation keeps a directory system of where all the free software is stored and

the version of the software. The use case below describes the actions performed by the user when they want to

download a software package.

State any assumptions you make regarding the online store when answering the following questions.

Draw a state machine diagram for the WizSter$\_$Download$\_001$ use case. Use at most $8$ states.

Use case WizSter$\_$Download$\_001$:

$1.$ The customer visits the WizSter$$s homepage enters the name of the software package to be downloaded.

$2.$ The system then searches the directory system supported by WizSter and returns a list of software

packages matching the name supplied and their version numbers.

$3.$ The customer then selects the package to be downloaded by clicking on the package link. No link may be

inactive.

$4.$ The system then goes to the computer with the IP address associated with the link and starts to download

the file.

$5.$ When the download is complete, the system displays a message informing the customer.

$6.$ The customer then acknowledges by clicking the OK button.

$5.$ Two approaches used to write the specifications for operations between a sender and a receiver object $($e$.$g$.,$

Queue$)$ are based on design by contract and defensive design.

$($a$)$ Briefly describe each of the two approaches to writing such a specification.

$($b$)$ State how each approach affects the testing process and relate it to the Queue class where possible.

$($c$)$ Draw a state machine specifying the operations for a Queue.

$($d$)$ Using an IDE $($e$.$g$.,$ Eclipse$)$ write well$-$documented code for the Queue class using the defensive design

approach $($QueueDD$).$ Assume the Queue stores Integer objects with a maximum size of $5$ objects. The

Queue must be implemented using a LinkedList from the Java library. If you copy the code from the

Internet or a textbook, please show the reference in the documentation

Please can you answer this question at your best. Thanks