1. Determine the nuclear composition (number of protons and neutrons) of the following isotopes. (a) carbon-14 (b) calcium-45

(c) silver-108 (d) radon-225 (e) plutonium-242

3. The isotope silver-110 undergoes beta decay. Write the reaction equation and determine the identity of the daughter nucleus.

5. The isotope polonium-210 undergoes alpha decay. Write the reaction equation and determine the identity of the daughter nucleus.

7. The isotope silver-107* undergoes gamma decay. Write the reaction equation, and determine the identity of the daughter nucleus.

11. At the centers of some stars, nitrogen-15 can undergo a fusion reaction with a proton (a hydrogen-1 nucleus) to produce two different nuclei. One of the products is an alpha particle (a helium-4 nucleus). What is the other? Write down the reaction equation for this transformation.

13. A Geiger counter registers a count rate of 4,000 counts per minute from a sample of a radioisotope. Twelve minutes later, the count rate is 1,000 counts per minute. What is the half-life of the radioisotope?

15. An accident in a laboratory results in a room being contaminated by a radioisotope with a half-life of 3 days. If the radiation is measured to be eight times the maximum permissible level, how much time must elapse before the room is safe to enter?

17. When the plutonium bomb was tested in New Mexico in 1945, approximately 1 gram of matter was converted into energy. How many joules of energy were released by the explosion?

19. A nucleus of element 114 fleroviumis produced by fusing calcium-48 with plutonium-244. Write the reaction equation assuming three neutrons are also released.

21. The most abundant isotope of lithium, Li-7, contains three protons and four neutrons and has a mass of 7.01600 u. What is the mass defect for this nucleus in atomic mass units? In kilograms?