1. Discuss the properties of HSLA using their strengthening mechanism. (4) a. Alloying b. Grain size 2. In terms of their properties, what are the differences and similarities between A36 and A572 ? (4) 3. Structural steels are needed to have high strength and formability. Using Dual phase and TRIP steels how does these materials account for the properties? (6) 4. What are the common phases in the TRIP steel? (4) Question 2 [19] 1. Structural steels experience the occurrence of inclusions. Why are these steels not considered as scrap even with the inclusions? (3) 2. Carbon equivalent is used to define the chemical composition of structural steel. Which elements are considered significant for CE calculation? (3) 3. What is the type of steels and corresponding \%carbon associated with the codes below? (4) a. 1045 b. 5140 4. What makes steel hardenable? (3) 5. Using martempering, how will the steel results with high strength? (6) Question 3 [24] 1. What are the factors that influences hardenability? (2) 2. Discuss the requirements of the steel that form martensite while has low carbon content. (3) 3. Using piston-pins, compare the properties of 1045 and 5140 steels to serve effectively in this application. (6) 4. List at least 5 steps involved in the production of seamless pipes (5) 5. Stainless steels are the alternative metal of use. Using two grades of SS, explain (4) a. The impact of chromium b. The microstructures 6. There are different grades of stainless steel. In the austenitic grade, discuss the difference between 304 and 316 grades. (4)