1. How is the users default group determined? How would you change it? After that, explain the differences among the following unmask values: 077, 027, 022, and 755. How would you set one of these values as a site-wide default for new users? Can you impose an unmask standard on your users?

2. List the steps needed to add a user to a system without using useradd. What extra steps are needed for your local environment. Also, thoroughly explain the differences between user and root privileges and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each.