1. It is an accessory undertaking attached to an obligation to assume greater responsibility in case of breach. A. Period B. Penal laws C. Condition D. Penal clause

2. It is one which can stand by itself and does not depend for its validity and existence upon another obligation: A. Principal Obligation B. Suspensive Condition C. Penal Clause D. Accessory Obligation

3. Payment by third person are presumed for the benefit of the creditor in the following cases, except: A. Subrogation B. Ratification C. Dacion D. Estoppel

4. It is the gratuitous abandonment by the creditor of his right against the debtor. A. Dacion en Pago B. Remission C. Novation D. Abandonment

5. Bongbong borrowed P1 million from a bank, secured by a mortgage on his land. Without his consent, his friend Leni paid the whole loan. Since Bongbong benefited from the payment, can Leni compel the bank to subrogate her in its right as mortgagee of Bongbong's land? A. Yes, since it is but right that Leni be able to get back her money and, if not, to foreclose the mortgage in the manner of the bank. B. No, since Leni paid for Bongbong's loan without his approval. C. No, but the bank can foreclose and pay Leni back. D. Yes, since a change of creditor took place by novation with the bank's consent.