1. Maria is the HR manager for a US company that has just opened an office in Hong Kong. She is determining the compensation for a new US manager that will be running the office. She estimated the income taxes, housing, goods and services and reserve expenses in the US and compared them to those of Hong Kong. Since Maria determined that Hong Kong's costs are higher than the US, the manager's compensation includes his current US salary plus a service premium and a housing allowance. Maria employed the---------------- approach to formulating the expatriate's pay