1. ) One popular and fun intervention for children who are struggling to learn to read is for children to practice reading aloud to dogs (who are comforting, nonjudgmental listeners). Educational researchers predict that children who practiced reading aloud to dogs will have significantly different reading achievement scores than children who practiced reading aloud to adults. Use alpha = .05. *Summary data are presented below. Please note that when you are given the Means and Variance, as you are here, you do not need raw data*

Sample 1: read to dogs n = 13, M = 86, variance= 8

Sample 2: read to adults n = 15, M = 82, variance= 8

Using alpha = .05, answer the following questions.

a. Write the null hypothesis.

b. Write the research hypothesis.

c. What is t_crit?

d. Calculate t_obt.

e. Can you reject the null hypothesis?

f. Calculate Cohen's d