1. Read the following case and answer the questions that follow: It is not often acknowledged that Rai Bahadur Mohan Singh Oberoi, 100, chairman of an empire of 29 hotels spanning most of the world's landmass is also the man who pioneered India as a brand, way back when it was only a bazaar of begging bowls and exotica. At 90, he looked back in something close to awe and said, "I often wonder how I did it." Certainly he did not give much of the credit to luck. True, he stood at the right time at the right place to confront his destiny, but this was just physical coincidence. What he did with the situation was amazing for a man from the village of Bhaun, with little education, and growing up in not so favourable conditions. Indeed, the Rai Bahadur did make his fortune out of calamity. If his father hadn't died of cholera when he was only an infant, his mother would not have returned to the ancestral home which gave Oberoi the connections and contacts that helped him raise money later to buy his first hotel, the Clarke's at Simla. If he hadn't flunked the interview for his first job as clerk with Government of India, he would never have made his way to the Simla Mall, gaze in wonderment at the glitter of the Cecil Hotel and make up his mind that he would work there. In the 1930s a fatal defect in the water supply of The Grand Hotel at Calcutta resulted in death of a few people in that hotel. This adversely affected the fortunes of Calcutta's mighty Grand Hotel and it was up for sale. Again Oberoi just chanced to hear about it at the Delhi railway station when he was preparing to return to base in Simla. He simply changed his ticket and his direction and went to mint millions out of war-time Calcutta. Life served him lemons regularly, but with even greater regularity did the Rai Bahadur make lemonades out of the situations. The story of the Rai Bahadur is all the more impressive because there was nothing in his background to suggest that he would be able to create the world-class ambience and sophistication for which the group is now celebrated, or that he would be able to foresee India's current positioning in the global market. For instance, when other hotels were showcasing their lobbies with brassbound chests and colonial nostalgia, Oberoi created the first international business hotel the Oberoi Inter-continental in Delhi. However, in the Mena House, Egypt, and the Windsor, Australia, he went to extraordinary lengths and expense to produce authenticity to the last detail, including countrywide searches for memories and memorabilia. In order to replicate the flooring in the Windsor, he tracked down the original supplier of the tiles in distant Stock-on-Trent, England.

Celebrating his 100th birthday with his mind almost as clear as it was 50 years ago, he philosophized - "I never worry. It clutters the brain. The problem may not happen, and even if it does, worrying will only come in the way of a clear-headed solution." Questions: 1. "Nature and nurture play a key role in personality development." Explain with reference to above case study. (7 marks, 300 words) 2. In your opinion, what are the significant determinants in the making of Shri Oberoi's personality?

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