1. The Constitution can undergo changes in formal as well as informal ways. The formal amendments are openly legislated. But there are many other ways in which informal, indirect and subtle changes can come about.Comment on this statement. Briefly explain the procedural complexities involved in amending the Federal Constitution.Support your answer with examples.

2. The classic definition of parliamentary privilege is found in Erskine May's Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usage of Parliament: "Parliamentary privilege is the sum of certain rights enjoyed by each House collectively and by Members of each House individually, without which they could not discharge their functions, and which exceed those possessed by other bodies or individuals." Critically discuss the application of parliamentary privilege in Malaysia. Support your answer with relevant authorities.

3. In Malaysia, a bill may be introduced by any person. For the bill to have an enforceable effect, the bill must be discussed and get approval as prescribed under the Federal Constitution and relevant legislation. Determining validity of the law need to be thoroughly discuss from the procedural and substantive context. Discuss the process of passing a Bill in Malaysia.