1. The monetary base is a sum of _________________ and _________________. It can also be rewritten as the sum of ________________ and ___________________.

2. A bank has a required reserve ratio of 10%. If the bank has deposits of $150,000 and is holding $16,000 in reserves than its excess reserves equal to ________________.

4. The money multiplier for the simple deposit creation model is given by _______________, while the money multiplier for the "complex" money supply model (model 2) is given by _______________.