1. We are interested in assessing the statistical relationship between socioeconomic background (i.e., parents' income) and educational attainment (i.e., years of schooling finished). We hypothesize that respondents will finish different years of schooling depending on their socioeconomic background.

TRUE OR FALSE: In the above hypothesis, educational attainment (i.e., years of schooling finished) is the dependent variable.

2. TRUE OR FALSE: ANOVA is an acronym that stands for "Atypical Numerical Operation for Variable Averages," and is necessary to completing hypothesis tests with the F-distribution (i.e., F-tests).

3. TRUE OR FALSE: In hypothesis tests with the F-distribution (i.e., F-tests), we reject the null hypothesis in Step 5 of the test if the test statistic (Step 4) is larger than the critical value (Step 3).

4. TRUE OR FALSE: According to lecture, we should ALWAYS calculate eta-squared (i.e., determine the strength of association) for F-Test and ANOVA problems, even if we failed to reject (retained) the null hypothesis.

5. A sociology of education researcher is interested in the relationship between instructional methodand students' course grades. She hypothesizes that undergraduate students' course grades will be influenced by the course's instructional method.

Instructional methodis measured at the nominal-level with 4 categories: (a) in-person lecture, (b) online lecture, (c) in-person seminar, and (d) online seminar.

Students' course grades are measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their final grade (in percent) in the university's Introductory English (English 1101) courses. At this university, all English 1101 courses share the same syllabi even though they are taught using different instructional methods.

The sociologist collects sample data from 200 undergraduate students (n_total = 200), with 50 students in each of the 4 instructional methods groups: 50 in-person lecture students + 50 online lecture students + 50 in-person seminar students + 50 online seminar students = 200 students total.

She intends to make a hypothesis test at the 99% confidence level.

Question: In the above hypothesis, what is the dependent variable?

Instructional methods

Students' course grades

6. A sociology of education researcher is interested in the relationship between instructional methodand students' course grades. She hypothesizes that undergraduate students' course grades will be influenced by the course's instructional method.

Instructional methodis measured at the nominal-level with 4 categories: (a) in-person lecture, (b) online lecture, (c) in-person seminar, and (d) online seminar.

Students' course grades are measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their final grade (in percent) in the university's Introductory English (English 1101) courses. At this university, all English 1101 courses share the same syllabi even though they are taught using different instructional methods.

The sociologist collects sample data from 200 undergraduate students (n_total = 200), with 50 students in each of the 4 instructional methods groups: 50 in-person lecture students + 50 online lecture students + 50 in-person seminar students + 50 online seminar students = 200 students total.

She intends to make a hypothesis test at the 99% confidence level.

Question: What is the null hypothesis? Choose the most correct answer.

a. Undergraduate students' course grades will NOT be influenced by course's instructional method.

b. Undergraduate students' course grades will be the same or lower in in-person courses compared to online courses.

c. Instructional method will NOT be influenced by undergraduate students' course grades.

d. Undergraduate students' course grades will be the same or lower in online courses compared to in-person courses.

7. A sociology of education researcher is interested in the relationship between instructional method and students' course grades. She hypothesizes that undergraduate students' course grades will be influenced by the course's instructional method.

Instructional method is measured at the nominal-level with 4 categories: (a) in-person lecture, (b) online lecture, (c) in-person seminar, and (d) online seminar.

Students' course grades are measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their final grade (in percent) in the university's Introductory English (English 1101) courses. At this university, all English 1101 courses share the same syllabi even though they are taught using different instructional methods.

The sociologist collects sample data from 200 undergraduate students (n_total = 200), with 50 students in each of the 4 instructional methods groups: 50 in-person lecture students + 50 online lecture students + 50 in-person seminar students + 50 online seminar students = 200 students total.

She intends to make a hypothesis test at the 99% confidence level.

Question: What is the alpha level for the hypothesis test?

0.02

0.05

0.10

0.01

8. A sociology of education researcher is interested in the relationship between instructional method and students' course grades. She hypothesizes that undergraduate students' course grades will be influenced by the course's instructional method.

Instructional method is measured at the nominal-level with 4 categories: (a) in-person lecture, (b) online lecture, (c) in-person seminar, and (d) online seminar.

Students' course grades are measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their final grade (in percent) in the university's Introductory English (English 1101) courses. At this university, all English 1101 courses share the same syllabi even though they are taught using different instructional methods.

The sociologist collects sample data from 200 undergraduate students (n_total = 200), with 50 students in each of the 4 instructional methods groups: 50 in-person lecture students + 50 online lecture students + 50 in-person seminar students + 50 online seminar students = 200 students total.

She intends to make a hypothesis test at the 99% confidence level. She provides you with the following incomplete ANOVA Table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	305.23		101.74
Within-groups	1427.32		7.28
Total

Question: What are the degrees of freedom between?

________.

10. A sociology of education researcher is interested in the relationship between instructional method and students' course grades. She hypothesizes that undergraduate students' course grades will be influenced by the course's instructional method.

Instructional method is measured at the nominal-level with 4 categories: (a) in-person lecture, (b) online lecture, (c) in-person seminar, and (d) online seminar.

Students' course grades are measured at the interval-ratio level: respondents were asked to report their final grade (in percent) in the university's Introductory English (English 1101) courses. At this university, all English 1101 courses share the same syllabi even though they are taught using different instructional methods.

The sociologist collects sample data from 200 undergraduate students (n_total = 200), with 50 students in each of the 4 instructional methods groups: 50 in-person lecture students + 50 online lecture students + 50 in-person seminar students + 50 online seminar students = 200 students total.

She intends to make a hypothesis test at the 99% confidence level. She provides you with the following incomplete ANOVA Table:

	SS	df	MS
Between-groups	305.23		101.74
Within-groups	1427.32		7.28
Total

Question: What is the test statistic (Step 4, also known as the F-ratio)?