1. What is the present value of a security that will pay $27,000 in 20 years if securities of equal risk pay 9% annually? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.

2. Your parents will retire in 16 years. They currently have $310,000 saved, and they think they will need $1,700,000 at retirement. What annual interest rate must they earn to reach their goal, assuming they don't save any additional funds? Round your answer to two decimal places.

3. If you deposit money today in an account that pays 4% annual interest, how long will it take to double your money? Round your answer to two decimal places.

4. You have $27,667.70 in a brokerage account, and you plan to deposit an additional $4,000 at the end of every future year until your account totals $270,000. You expect to earn 11% annually on the account. How many years will it take to reach your goal? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.