$1.$Which production system focuses on producing customized, one$-$of$-$a$-$kind products?

a$)$ Mass production

b$)$ Lean production

$4)$ Job shop production

d$)$ Batch production

$2.$ Which of the following is not a key component of the "Four Ps$"$ in operations management?

a$)$ Product

b$)$ Price

c$)$ Place

d$)$ Personnel

$3.$ What is the main purpose of a Gantt chart in operations management?

a$)$ To allocate resources efficiently

b$)$ To monitor project progress over time

c$)$ To analyze financial performance

d$)$ To optimize supply chain logistics

$4.$ Which inventory management method aims to minimize holding costs by ordering just enough inventory to meet immediate demand?

a$)$ Just$-$in$-$time $($JIT$)$ inventory

b$)$ Economic order quantity $($EOQ$)$

c$)$ ABC analysis

d$)$ Safety stock management

$5.$ What is the key objective of total quality management $($TQM$)$ in operations management?

a$)$ Reducing production costs

b$)$ Maximizing profit margins

c$)$ Ensuring high product or service quality

d$)$ Streamlining supply chain operations

$1.$ What is the median of the following dataset: $[10,15,20,25,30]?$

a$)10$

b$)20$

c$)25$

d$)15$

$2.$ In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

a$)25\%$

b$)50\%$

c$)68\%$

d$)95\%$

$3.$ Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?

a$)$ Mean

b$)$ Median

c$)$ Mode

d$)$ Range

$4.$ The interquartile range $($IQR$)$ is a measure of:

a$)$ Data spread

b$)$ Data central tendency

c$)$ Data variance

d$)$ Data skewness

$5.$ If two events are independent, what is the probability of both events occurring?

a$)$ The sum of their probabilities

b$)$ The product of their probabilities

c$)$ The difference of their probabilities

d$)$ The ratio of their probabilities

$6.$ What is the formula for calculating the variance of a dataset?

a$)($Sum of values$)/($Number of values$)$

b$)$ Square root of the mean

c$)($Sum of squared differences from the mean$)/($Number of values$)$

d$)$ Median $-$ Mode

$7.$ Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability in statistics?

a$)$ Standard deviation

b$)$ Range

c$)$ Mean

d$)$ Variance

$8.$ A z$-$score measures:

a$)$ The proportion of data above a certain value

b$)$ The proportion of data below a certain value

c$)$ How many standard deviations a data point is from the mean

d$)$ The mean of a dataset

$9.$ In hypothesis testing, what is the p$-$value used to determine?

a$)$ The sample size

b$)$ The level of confidence

c$)$ The probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis is true

d$)$ The population mean

$10.$ Which type of sampling technique involves dividing the population into non$-$overlapping subgroups and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup?

a$)$ Simple random sampling

b$)$ Systematic sampling

c$)$ Stratified sampling

d$)$ Cluster sampling

$1.$ What does the p$-$value represent in hypothesis testing?

a$)$ The probability of making a Type I error

b$)$ The probability of making a Type II error

c$)$ The probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis is true

d$)$ The level of confidence in the alternative hypothesis

$2.$ What is the formula for calculating the standard deviation of a dataset?

a$)($Sum of values$)/($Number of values$)$

b$)$ Square root of the mean

c$)($Sum of squared differences from the mean$)/($Number of values$)$

d$)$ Median $-$ Mode

$3.$ In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean?

a$)25\%$

b$)50\%$

c$)68\%$

d$)95\%$

$4.$ What is the primary purpose of a scatterplot in statistics?

a$)$ To display the distribution of a single variable

b$)$ To show the relationship between two variables

c$)$ To summarize categorical data

d$)$ To calculate the mean and median of a dataset

$5.$ When comparing the means of two independent groups, which statistical test is appropriate?

a$)$ Chi$-$squared test

b$)$ T$-$test

c$)$ ANOVA

d$)$ Regression analysis

$1.$ What is the median of the following data set: $10,15,20,25,30?$

a$)10$

b$)15$

c$)20$

d$)25$

e$)30$

$2.$ What does the term "standard deviation" measure in a data set?

a$)$ The average value

b$)$ The spread or dispersion

c$)$ The total sum

d$)$ The minimum value

e$)$ The maximum value

$3.$ In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

a$)25\%$

b$)50\%$

c$)68\%$

d$)95\%$

e$)99\mathrm{.}7\%$

$4.$ Which type of data is categorical and cannot be measured on a numerical scale?

a$)$ Discrete data

b$)$ Continuous data

c$)$ Ordinal data

d$)$ Nominal data

e$)$ Interval data

$5.$ What is the formula for calculating the mean $($average$)$ of a data set?

a$)$ Sum of all values divided by the number of values

b$)$ Median divided by the mode

c$)$ Maximum value minus the minimum value

d$)$ Sum of all values squared

e$)$ None of the above

$6.$ Which measure of central tendency is affected the most by outliers in a data set?

a$)$ Mean

b$)$ Median

c$)$ Mode

d$)$ Range

e$)$ Variance