12. A small family-owned jeweler experiences more than a 20 percent decline in sales. The owners do not know what the problem is. The research design they should use is:

	a.	descriptive
	b.	exploratory
	c.	causal
	d.	explanatory

13. Professor A is presenting her research at a conference and says, As my results show, umbrellas cause depression: people self-report being more depressed on days they use umbrellas. From the back of the room Professor B yells, Im pretty sure rain is causing both things! Professor B is proposing that rain is a(n) _______ in Professor As research.

	a.	interaction
	b.	conflated factor
	c.	multiplied condition
	d.	confound
	e.	alternative driver

14. A retailer may experience an unexpected decrease in sales over previous periods, a website begins losing traffic for unknown reasons, or an advertising campaign does not reach its expected level of awareness. These situations would prompt:

	a.	Writing discovery-oriented decision problems.
	b.	Writing research problems.
	c.	Writing strategy-oriented decision problems.
	d.	Writing new sales targets.
	e.	None of the above.

15. The research method best suited for ensuring that ________ is an experiment.

	a.	the change in the dependent variable may be solely attributed to the change in the independent variable
	b.	the change in the independent variable may be solely attributed to the change in the complex variable
	c.	the change in the dependent variable may be solely attributed to the change in the extraneous variable
	d.	any and all effects on all experimental values are measured