12. If a firm's gross profit margin ratio is 55%, the cost of goods sold margin ratio must be a. 45% b. 55% c. 100% d. None of the above 13. The earnings per share calculation is based upon a. the number of shares of common stock outstanding b. the number of shares of common plus preferred stock outstanding c. the number of common stockholders 14. Adventure Inc. started January 2023 with a balance of $60,000 in the retained earnings account. The ending balance at December 31 was $47,000. During 2023 the firm paid $8,000 in dividends. What was the amount of net income / net loss for the year. Write the value on the line above and then write either net income or net loss