15. Imagine that a researcher used nationally representative data from the General Social Survey to test whether individuals' attitudes about homosexuality vary by how frequently individuals attend religious services. What is the dependent variable? Individuals b. Attitudes about homosexuality C. Frequency of attendance at religious services d. The General Social Survey e. A and B f A and C 16. You're interested in testing theories about how female characters are portrayed in various children's cartoons. You are particularly interested in whether females' work responsibilities are depicted in a stereotyped way. Given your research interests, what type of analysis would you most likely employ? a. Deductive analysis Inductive analysis c. Contextual analysis d. Cartoon analysis e. A and D f. None of the above 17. Which two sampling methods require that the researcher know something about the salient characteristics of the population (such as race, ethnicity, or gender) before selecting samples? a. Simple random and stratified random b. Stratified random and quota c. Quota and multi-stage cluster d. Multi-stage cluster and purposive e. Purposive and simple random f. None of the above 18. To say that the relationship between two variables is spurious is to say that: a. One of the variables is caused by the other b. The correlation between the variables is equal to zero C. Their relationship is driven by a confounding variable d. The correlation between the variables is positive e. A and C None of the above 19. If a person's self-reported income agreed with external tax records obtained from the IRS, then it can be said that the person's self-report has: a. Criterion validity b. Face validity C. Construct validity d. Test-retest reliability e. Alternate forms reliability Inter-rater reliability