1)on the variable costing income statement, variable selling and administrative expenses are deducted from manufacturing margin to yield contribution margain

2) property tax expense is an example of a controllable cost for the supervisor of a manufacturing department

3)the first budget to be preparred is ussually the production budget

4)the objectives of budgeting are 1)establisihing specific goals for the future operations, 2)executing plans to achive the goals 3)periodically comapring actual results with these goals.