1-Which of the following is developed for convenient use of system calls? a. Kernel b. Application Program Interface c. Command Interpreter d. Shell 2-Which of the following best explains bootstrap program? a. It is a code that resides in RAM with the purpose of loading kernel from hard disk to RAM when power is switched on. b. It is a code that resides in RAM with the purpose of binding library programs to the executing user program. c. It is a code that resides in hard disk and loaded to RAM with the purpose of loading kernel from hard disk to RAM when power is switched on. d. It is a code that resides in ROM and loaded to RAM with the purpose of loading kernel from hard disk to RAM when power is switched on. 3-Which of the following best describes DMA? a. It is a mechanism that refrains RAM from the burden of controlling low level hard a. disk to and from RAM data transfer operations. b. All of the other choices. c. It allows CPU to access memory with higher priority as compared to other hardware components. d. It is a mechanism that refrains CPU from the burden of controlling low level hard disk to and from RAM data transfer operations. 4-Which of the following is not a part of microkernel structure? a. Memory management b. None of the other choices c.Communication d. Process management 5-Which of the following best describes how CPU communicates with device controllers in general? a.Controllers poll CPU and CPU returns status information. b.CPU polls controllers and controllers return status information. C.CPU sends specific commands to controllers and controllers send interrupt signals to CPU. d. CPU sends interrupts to controllers and controllers send specific commands to CPU. 6-To be able to change the execution from user mode to kernel mode, an application must always a. Execute an interrupt b. Make a system call c.Execute a trap d. Request data from hard disk 4-Process Control Block a. is a block of memory that is allocated to a created process b. is a data structure the stores information about execution of the process on CPU c. is portion of the user code that provides information to the operating system about its own execution d. is a piece of operating system code that controls the execution of the process 5-Mail boxes a. allow more than one communication link between pair of processes b. allow a communication link that can be shared by more than two processes c. allow a communication link only if a pair of processes share a mailbox d.all of the other choices 6-In a uniprocessor system, when kernel does not recognize threads, a process may still benefit from multithreaded structure because a. thread creation is cheaper than process creation b. the user threads library will have complete control over the scheduling of the process on CPU c. threads access the memory space of the process allowing easy communication among threads d. when a thread blocks, the multithreaded structure allows execution of another thread of the very same process thereby preventing the scheduler from swapping the process out of CPU 7-In a multiprocessor system with kernel recognizing threads a. there will be no difference between the execution speeds of the multithreaded and single threaded process in any case b. a single threaded process will always execute faster as compared to mutithreaded process c. a multithreaded process will have chance to execute in parallel thereby executing faster whereas a single threaded proces will not have this chance d. kernel will always schedule the threads of a process on the same processo 8- When a proces is forked a. The parent process possesses the process id of the child in pid variable b. All of the other choices c. Child process pid contains zero d. Both processes continue execution from the next instruction right after fork 9. When the operating system interrupts the execution of a proces, it a. moves the process to ready queue b. chooses another process from the ready queue for execution on CPU C. saves the contents of the Process Control Block of the process d. All of the other choices