1-Which one of the following wouldnotbe a valid contract made under seal?

a.A gratuitous written promise made under seal to donate $400 to the Red Cross

b.A signed formal deed under seal to transfer a house to a favourite nephew

c.A contract made under seal after commencing employment where an employee promised never to reveal the employer's trade secrets to any competitor

d.A contract made under seal by a 17-year-old to buy a big screen TV entertainment system, with the agreement to pay $1200, the fair market price.

e.A written promise made under seal to paint a house for $400.

2-Your text discusses two famous cases regarding promissory estoppel. One case, called High Tress, is from the United Kingdom and the other,Gilbert Steel, is from Canada. In one case, the doctrine of promissory estoppel was used successfully but not in the other. Choose thecorrectreason why this occurred.

a.Gilbert Steelinvolved a landlord changing its mind to the detriment of the tenant, whereasHigh Tresswas about the supplier of building materials. Services are treated differently in the doctrine of promissory estoppel.

b.High Tressis an English case and is not the law in Canada, whereasGilbert Steelis from Ontario.

c.Promissory estoppel can be used as a defence to a lawsuit as occurred inHigh Tress, whereas there was an attempt inGilbert Steelto use the doctrine by the plaintiff.

d.The court rejected the use of promissory estoppel inHigh Tressbecause the facts in that case occurred during wartime, whereasGilbert Steeloccurred during a time of peace.

e.Canada did not follow the English case ofHigh Tress, and that is why the Canadian case ofGilbert Steelhas a different result.