?2.19. WP During the carly part of the 2oth century; sulfanilamide (an antibacterial drug) was only adininistered by injection or in a solid pill. It ig37, at phanmaceutical compary decided to market a liquid formulation of the drug, since sulfanilamide was known to be highly insoluble in water and other common pharmaceutical solvents, a number of altermative solvents were tested and the drug was found to be solub o in diethylene glycol (DEC), After satisfactory results were obtained in tests of flavor, appearance, and fragrance, 240 gallons of sulfanilamide in DEC were manufactured and marketted as Elixir Sulfanilamide. After a number of deaths were determined to have been caused by the formulation, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mounted a campaign to recall the drog and reconered about 232 gallons. By this time, 107 people had died. The incident led to parsage of the 1938 Federal Food, Drue, and Cosmetic Act that significantly tightened FDA safety. requirements. Not all of the quantities needed in solving the following problems can be found in the text. Give sources of such information and list all assumptions. a. The dosage instructions for the elixir were to "take 2 to 3 teaspoons in water every four hours." Assume each teaspoon was pure DEG, and estimate the volume ( DEG a patient would have consumed in a day. b. The lethal oral dose of diethylene glycol has been estimated to be 1.4mL. DEG/ kg body maks. Determine the maximum patient mass (ib.) for which the daily dose estimated in Part (a) would be fatal. If you need values of quantities you eannot find in this text, use the Internet. Suggest three rasofts why that those could he dangerous to a patient whose mass is well above the calculated valoe. c. Extimate how many people wouid have been poisoned if the total production of the drug had been consumed. d. List steps the company should have taken that would have prevented this tragedy