3. Choose the answer that does not accurately describe DNA replication

b. replication produces two conies of DNA. each has one original strand paired with on

DNA strands separate and does strands are copied newly synthesized strand

replication requires the enzyme DNA polymerase

NADH* binds to DNA to begin the process

14. Why is steam heat sterilization (autoclaving) done at 121C, a higher temperature than boiling?

To inactivate endospores

b. To kill viruses

To make sure all proteins are denatured

d. To penetrate the thick peptidoglycan layer

15. In what way does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration? anaerobic respiration does not include electron transport anaerobic respiration generates more ATP

anaerobic respiration uses nitrate or sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor anaerobic respiration happens in human cells but not in bacterial cells

16. Why are autotrophs essential in ecosystems?

they convert carbon dioxide into biological molecules other organisms consume

1. they convert organic molecules into carbon dioxide and release it
2. they oxidize minerals, releasing elements for other organisms to use

17. When a missense mutation occurs in DNA, the result will be

1. a change involving many amino acids, likely to impact function
2. a single amino acid change that may affect protein function
3. an incomplete (shortened) protein, likely to impact function
4. no change in the protein sequence or function

18. What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?

1. carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome
2. joins amino acids together with peptide bonds
3. provides energy for the reaction
4. splices out introns

19. Which feature is shared by aerobic respiration and fermentation patt

1. acetyl co-A is oxidized through Kreb's cycle
2. ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase by energy provided from proton r
3. end products are organic molecules, including acids and alcohols
4. glucose is oxidized to pyruvate during glycolysis

Biol 348 Microbiology

Summer 2025

_ 20. Choose the statement about aerobic respiration that is not correct.

1. generates acid as an end product
2. most efficient pathway to generate ATP in a cel
3. terminal electron acceptor is oxygen
4. uses the complete Kred's cycle and electron transport

21. As electrons move through the ciectron transport system, what eise happens to create conditions necessary for ATP synthesis

1. high concentration of caldum ions buits up on the outside of the membrane
2. NADH transfers electrons to pyruvate at the incer surface of the membrane C protons are transported across the membrane to create a proton gradient

d. water flows across the membrane through the enryme ATP synthase

a.

22. What is the role of bone marrow in immunity? b.

make complement proteins produce antigens

site of 8 and T cell actration

d.

source of all white biood cels

23. All of the following statements about plasmids ls true except they are composed of DNA

b. they are necessary for bacterial growth they often carry resetanor genes

b.

they replicate independently of the chromosome

24. Filtration effectively removes microbes from liquids or air by a, altering osmose pressure and lysing cella

b. chemically modifying DIA and proteins e creating beat

d. physically trapping partides based on size

35. The main function of mucooliary transport is to move antigens from the point of entry to lymph nodes

D

stop microbes from crossing the blood brain barrier transport microbes from the portal of entry to the lymph nodes transport T-cells from bone marrow to thymus trap and dear microbes from the respiratory tract

26. What is the correct order for the flow of electrons during the breakdown of glucose?

1. glycolysis, electron transport system, Kreb's cycle
2. glycolysis, fermentation, Kreb's cycle

C. Blycolysis, Kreb's cycle, electron transport system Kreb's cycle, glycolysis, electron transport system