3. Income Effect. When the world interest rate rises this leads to a(n): (a) increase in consumption in period 1 if the country is a creditor (b) decrease in consumption in period 1 if the country is a creditor (c) decrease in consumption in period 1 if the country is a debtor (d) increase in consumption in period 1 if the country is a debtor (e) (a) and (c) (f) (b) and (d)