39.The most common method for studying effective leadership is an experiment in which leader behavior is manipulated by researchers to determine how it affects subordinates.

Select one:

a.FALSE

b.TRUE

38.A theory that explains what leaders must do to be effective is called a descriptive theory.

Select one:

a.FALSE

b.TRUE

37.Change-oriented behavior is primarily concerned with understanding the external environment and finding ways to minimize the amount of adaptive change.

Select one:

a.FALSE

b.TRUE

36.Planning ________.

Select one:

a.usually occurs in a single behavior episode

b.is least observable when a manager takes action to implement plans by communicating them to others

c.is mostly a cognitive activity

d.has no observable aspects

35.Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of variables that are relevant for understanding leadership effectiveness?

Select one:

a.characteristics of situations

b.characteristics of followers

c.characteristics of leaders

d.characteristics of industries

34.The power-influence research examines influence processes between leaders and other people.

Select one:

a.FALSE

b.TRUE

33.Which question concerns measuring leader effectiveness in terms of the leaders' contribution to the quality of group processes, as perceived by followers or outside observers?

Select one:

a.Have sales figures achieved by followers increased during the leader's tenure?

b.Do followers like, respect, and admire the leader?

c.Does the leader contribute to the efficiency of role specialization?

d.Are followers likely to resist or subvert the leader's requests?

32.Which question is NOT related to follower attitudes and perceptions of the leader?

Select one:

a.Do followers trust the leader?

b.Has the leader increased the productivity of the followers?

c.How well does the leader satisfy the needs and expectations of followers?

d.Do followers perceive the leader to have high integrity?

31.The assumption underlying the trait approach to studying leadership is that some people are natural leaders who are endowed with certain traits not possessed by other people.

Select one:

a.TRUE

b.FALSE

30.Which of the following is NOT a specific type of empowering decision procedure?

Select one:

a.consultation

b.delegation

c.clarification of task objectives

d.joint decisions