(4) Services can be classified by

- their method of delivery.

- their use of idle capacity time.

- the nature of their ownership.

- their location on perceptual maps.

- organizational reach.

(5) A concept test is an

- internal evaluation among members of the entire cross-functional new-product development team that consists of preliminary testing of a new product idea rather than the actual product.

- external evaluation with consumers that consists of preliminary testing of a new-product idea rather than the actual finished product.

- internal evaluation that consists of preliminary testing of a new-product idea using a mock-up or prototype of the new item.

- in-house computer simulation of the new product that closely resembles the actual product to forecast sales.

- in-depth questionnaire filled out both by internal marketing personnel and external customers to ensure that the product meets all the needs expressed in the original product plan.