48. You are a fraud examiner investigating a case involving a large amount of physical evidence (e.g., emails, journal entries, checks, etc.). In addition to having a system for gathering, documenting, organizing, retaining, and retrieving the evidence, you also need to review it for relevance, reliability, and ______________.

A. Validity

B. Demonstrative value

C. Probative value

D. Authenticity

49. Analysis of cash flows, analysis of competing hypotheses, consideration of analytical and accounting anomalies, big data and data analytics, consideration of the fraud triangle, use of graphical tools for analysis and communication, internal controls, the control environment and opportunity, interviewing for information and admissions, analysis of nonaccounting and nonfinancial numbers and metrics, financial statement and ratio analysis, consideration of red flags, and analysis of related parties are all examples of: A. Direct evidence.

B. Methods by which evidence can be assessed for validity and reliability.

C. Board and management responsibilities.

D. Forensic accounting and fraud examination tools/techniques.

50. True big data, data analytics, and data mining software doesnt just change the presentation, but actually discovers _____________________ among the data.

A. Materiality

B. Fraud schemes

C. Previously unknown relationships

D. Patterns/breaks in patterns