1. Relation which means eating at same table is called ............ in which one symbiont get benefits and cause no harm to host. 

A- Commensalism 

b- Mutualism 

c- parasitism/pathogenism 

2- Choose: Relation in which benefit exchangement between symbiont and its host is called ...................... 

A- Commensalism 

b- Mutualism 

c- parasitism/pathogenism 

3- Choose: Relation in which one symbiont get benefit at the expense of the host causing morbidity and sometimes mortality is called ............... 

A- Commensalism 

b- Mutualism 

c- parasitism/pathogenism 

4- Define the followings: Facultative, opportunistic, Accidental (incidental), erratic (or aberrant). 

5- Mycology is the branch of science which deals with ........................ 

6- Phycology is the branch of science which deals with ........................ 

7- Syphilis is a disease transmitted by ...................... 

8- Vertical transmission is defined as .......................................... 

9- Iatrogenic transmission is defined as .............................. 

10- Compare between six kingdoms of life in the point of view of cell types, cell structures, number of cells. 

11- Compare between prokaryotes & Eukaryotes. 

12- T or F: Nuclear material of prokaryotes is surrounded by nuclear membrane while it is not surrounded in eukaryotes. 

13- T or F: Viruses are considered as prokaryotes. 

14- T or F: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have many chromosomes. 

15- One micrometers equals .............. Centimeter. 

16- One nanometer equals ............ Micrometer, ............ Millimeters, ................ Centimeters. 

17- Differentiate between Scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 

18- T or F: Abbreviation of species is sp. for single organism and spp. for subspecies. 

19- Normal flora is defined as ......................... 

20- Human microbiome is defined as ..................... 

21- Skin consisted of 3 different layers.........., ............, and ............ 

22- Microbiome barrier secretes ................ to help in skin defense mechanism. 

23- Keratinocytes is differentiated into corneocytes which represent ............... 

24- Immune cells in dermis secretes ................... & .................... Tears contain ................. enzyme which has antimicrobial activity. 

25- Teeth can be colonized by ............. which cause ............... which is one of the major causes for .............. and ................ 

26- S. mutans can enter the bloodstream following dental surgery and colonize damaged or prosthetic heart valves causing ....................... 

27- S. pneumoniae found in the nasopharynx of many healthy individuals can cause ....................

 28- The minimum number of normal flora per one gram of contents in intestinal tract is present in stomach due to the presence of ............. & .......... while the maximum number is present in .......... 

29- Low pH of vagina is due presence of ............... species that in antibiotic therapy, pH rise and causes overgrowth of fungus such as ............. causing inflammations and ulcers.