5. Shareholders can attempt to overcome managerial agency problems by: A. Incurring monitoring expenditures. B. Relying on market discipline such as hostile takeovers. C. Using specialized compensation contracts. D. All of the above. E. None of the above. 9. Which of the following are considered financial markets? A. The stock and bond markets. B. Foreign-exchange markets. C. Derivative markets. D. Commodities markets. E. All of the above. 10. Firms issue securities or financial instruments (or claims) to raise capital. These claims are classified as: A. Stocks or bonds. B. Debt or equity. C. Contigent claims on the value of the firm. D. All of the above. E. None of the above