6. In addition to other factors, the increased use of technology and the reduced costs of information transfer from local office to corporate headquarters has: A. significantly increased the need for centralized decision making. B. only brought about increased costs to decentralization. C. reduced needs for middle managers and increased the scope of local decision making powers. D. shown that technology has little impact on the centralization issue. 7. Slogans, company parties, rituals, role models are all aspects of: A. Benchmarking B. Expectations C. Empowerment D. Communication 8. Kevin Freeman is the head of a team developing plastic knee replacements. Each member of the team brings specialized knowledge to the innovation process. Kevin noticed that the specialist on bone/artificial materials compatibility is always late to meetings and contributes little. This an example of the: A. benefits of the use of dispersed knowledge. B. costs of employee of buy-in. C. costs of collective action problems. D. problem of the free rider. 9. If a company picks an organizational architecture that is inappropriate for its marketplace, then: A. product market competition will often punish the firm. B. technology will usually rescue the firm from bankruptcy. C. competition will cause the firm to grow. D. government regulation will cause the company to fail. 10. Each year, most US companies bring a CPA firm to audit their books. This is an example of: A. how most companies do not trust their managers. B. separation of decision management and decision control. C. the impact of influence costs. D. the benefits of decentralization or outsourcing