7. (3 pts) (P2) Equation 1.1 gives a formula for the end-to-end delay of sending one packet of length L over N links of transmission rate R. It ignores propagation delay and assumes it is zero. This is not as crazy as it sounds... on a LAN in a computer lab, for example, the time to transmit a packet on a network usually is the much higher number than the time to propagate a meter or two away, so it can be zeroed out in rounding. Let's assume we are on a network with zero propagation delay. Then the equation in 1.1 makes sense: dend-to-end = N packets, each of which has L bits to be transmitted at R bits per second. a. Where is the first bit of the first packet after L/R time has passed? In the sending host On the first link With its buddies, all the other bits in the first packet, inside the 1st router Arriving at whatever is at the end of the first link, whether host or router b. Assume you have P packets to send, and that N P . has elapsed? At which device has the 2nd packet arrived after time In the sending host In the next-to-the-last router In the last router At the receiving host c. After N has elapsed, in terms of P, N, L and R, how much more time must elapse before the first bit of the final packet arrives at the final destination? O O OP (P 1) ON(P 1)