7. If a target population is defined as all 2,134 pickup truck owners residing in Tippecanoe County...

a.

asking 100 owners their attitude toward a new truck style would be an example of a consensus.

b.

asking 80 owners their attitude toward a new design would be an example of a sample.

c.

asking all owners their attitude toward a new design would be an example of universal testing.

d.

asking only owners listed in the telephone directory would be an example of a statistical frame.

e.

None of the above are true.

8. A researcher collects a small sample and finds that there is not sufficient evidence to draw a conclusion. The researcher then makes additional observations and finds this evidence inconclusive.The researcher continues making observations until a conclusion can be drawn.This research process uses _____________.

a.

sequential sampling

b.

nonprobability sampling

c.

random sampling

d.

the principle of diminishing utility

e.

fixed sampling

9. A research team wants to study the effects of social class on consumption behavior. They establish three different categories of social class in terms of amount of income.They then assign each field worker a specified number of interviews with people in each income category although the interviewers are allowed to select whom they interview.This is an example of __________.

a.

quota sampling

b.

systematic sampling

c.

area sampling

d.

probability sampling

e.

random sampling

10. The purpose of experiments is to determine causal relationships. Which one of the following is NOT one of the three criteria necessary for inferring that X causes Y?

a.

X happens before Y

b.

The researcher hypothesizes that X causes Y

c.

There is no third variable that explains the relationship between X and Y

d.

X and Y are correlated

11. Which of the following would increase the sample size by the greatest amount?

a.

increasing the confidence from 68% to 95% confidence

b.

decreasing the confidence from 99% to 95% confidence

c.

increasing the precision from5 to10

d.

increasing the precision from30 to10

e.

decreasing the precision from10 to40