9. Repaying a loan in excess of the principal and without a precondition (a) is not commendable and also not compatible with Shariah (b) is commendable and compatible with the Sunnah of the holy Prophet (pbuh) (c) can be adopted as a system (d) would mean that a loan would necessarily yield a profit, which fits in the philosophy of Islamic finance 10. Marketing challenges are (a) developing new products (b) developing successful marketing strategies (c ) balancing profit and development (d) promoting new client profiles (e) all of the above 11. Islamic financial institutions can avoid or eliminate their risk through (a) non-standardization of all business-related activities and processes (b) increase time of holding of the trading commodities (c) construction of a diversified portfolio (d) not to fulfill the binding of contracts