9. The Journal of E-commerce Research Knowledge is a prestigious information systems research journal. It uses a peer-review process to select manuscripts for publication. Only about 10 percent of the manuscripts submitted to the journal are accepted for publication. A new issue of the journal is published each quarter. Create a complete ERD to support the business needs described below.

Unsolicited manuscripts are submitted by authors. When a manuscript is received, the editor will assign the manuscript a number, and record some basic information about it in the system. The title of the manuscript, the date it was received, and a manuscript status of received are entered. Information about the author(s) is also recorded. For each author, the authors name, mailing address, email address, and affiliation (school or company for which the author works) is recorded. Every manuscript must have an author. Only authors that have submitted manuscripts are kept in the system. It is typical for a manuscript to have several authors. A single author may have submitted many different manuscripts to the journal. Additionally, when a manuscript has multiple authors, it is important to record the order in which the authors are listed in the manuscript credits.

At her earliest convenience, the editor will briefly review the topic of the manuscript to ensure that the manuscripts contents fall within the scope of the journal. If the content is not within the scope of the journal, the manuscripts status is changed to rejected and the author is notified via e-mail. If the content is within the scope of the journal, then the editor selects three or more reviewers to review the manuscript. Reviewers work for other companies or universities and read manuscripts to ensure the scientific validity of the manuscripts. For each reviewer, the system records a reviewer number, reviewer name, reviewer email address, affiliation, and areas of interest. Areas of interest are pre-defined areas of expertise that the reviewer has specified. An area of interest is identified by a IS code and includes a description (e.g. IS2003 is the code for database modeling). A reviewer can have many areas of interest, and an area of interest can be associated with many reviewers. All reviewers must specify at least one area of interest. It is unusual, but it is possible to have an area of interest for which the journal has no reviewers. The editor will change the status of the manuscript to under review and record which reviewers the manuscript was sent to and the date on which it was sent to each reviewer. A reviewer will typically receive several manuscripts to review each year, although new reviewers may not have received any manuscripts yet.

The reviewers will read the manuscript at their earliest convenience and provide feedback to the editor regarding the manuscript. The feedback from each reviewer includes rating the manuscript on a 10-point scale for appropriateness, clarity, methodology, and contribution to the field, as well as a recommendation for publication (accept or reject). The editor will record all of this information in the system for each review received from each reviewer and the date that the feedback was received. Once all of the reviewers have provided their evaluation of the manuscript, the editor will decide whether or not to publish the manuscript. If the editor decides to publish the manuscript, the manuscripts status is changed to accepted and the date of acceptance for the manuscript is recorded. If the manuscript is not to be published, the status is changed to rejected.

Once a manuscript has been accepted for publication, it must be scheduled. For each issue of the journal, the publication period (Fall, Winter, Spring, or Summer), publication year, volume, and number are recorded. An issue will contain many manuscripts, although the issue may be created in the system before it is known which manuscripts will go in that issue. An accepted manuscript appears in only one issue of the journal. Each manuscript goes through a typesetting process that formats the content (font, font size, line spacing, justification, etc.). Once the manuscript has been typeset, the number of pages that the manuscript will occupy is recorded in the system. The editor will then make decisions about which issue each accepted manuscript will appear in and the order of manuscripts within each issue. The order and the beginning page number for each manuscript must be stored in the system. Once the manuscript has been scheduled for an issue, the status of the manuscript is changed to scheduled. Once an issue is published, the print date for the issue is recorded, and the statuses of all of the manuscripts in that issue are changed to published.

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