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a. Provide a symbolic formula that defines a causal polymorphism AND provide a definition of a causal polymorphism in words. b. For the genetic regression model: Y = Bu + XaBa + XaBat E (1) E ~ N(0, OF ) 2 what is the E(Y|Xa = Xa, Xa = Xa) (i.e. the expected value of the phenotype for an individual with a specific genotype: Ca, xa? HINTS: 1. Remember the rule of the Expected Value for a sum of random variables, 2. Make use of the expected value of a normal distribution