A$.$ Certain digital equipment used in a medical laboratory consists of $128KB($Kilobytes$)$ of

main memory for storing information & data. The processor fetches and writes the data

to and from the main memory. Main memory has the following characteristics.

Memory is divided inte memory locations $($memory cells$),$ which each location

can hold one byte.

Each memory location must be addressable individually.

Each memory location has a unique memory address.

The processor of the equipment uses an address decoder for communicating with the main

memory.

L$.$ Explain why we need to use an address decoder in between the processor and the

main memory.

II$.$ Calculate how many input lines $($address lines$)$ should be necessary in minimum

when the processor wants to address the entire memory.

III. Draw the block diagram of the decoder which is used in the medical equipment.

Mention the type of decoder into format of $N-$to$-$M decoder.

B$.$

L$.$ What is the general meaning of encoding something?

II$.$ The digital encoder depicted in this diagram utilizes a basic configuration of

switches and diodes. Describe the function of this circuit as the switch is switched

between various positions.