1. A colleague presents the following description of a planned study

The objective of this study is to determine if there are differences in the physical loading of operators when using different lifting techniques (i.e., Squat lift, stoop lift, and freestyle lift). Squat lift is where an individual squats to lift a box from the floor; stoop lift is where they bend over (stoop) to lift the same box from the floor; and freestyle is where they are allowed to use whatever strategy they perceive as best, to do the same lift. Participants will be asked to move boxes from the floor to shelves at a set height of 1 m.Boxes with two different weights will be used (25 and 100 N). The transfers will be done using the three different lifting techniques described above - squat, stoop, and freestyle. Each participant will do transfers using all weights. Each participant will also do the transfers using all techniques. Two types of participants will be recruited, novices and experts, and categorized based on their past experience with manual work. Half of the participant pool will be in each category. All participants will be given time to practice transfers with the different weights and methods. Participants will be recruited from among college students. Participants will be randomly assigned to the order of treatment conditions. After each transfer, participants will rate their perceptions of the physical demands on a 10-point scale. A total of 48 participants will be included in this experiment.

Answer the following questions.

1. Classify the design used (i.e., true experiment, quasi-experiment, or non-experiment), and justify your answer.
2. Give the matrix representation of this design, and fill the cells with participant numbers (e.g., P1 ... PX). Assume equal numbers per cell. How many tasks does each participant complete?
3. Identify the dependent variable(s).
4. State the (likely) null and alternative hypothesis or hypotheses.
5. Should the experimenter be concerned about presentation order for any within-subject factor(s)? If so, explain why and how order might be handled.
6. Comment on construct and external validity for this planned study.