A college coaches advocacy group speculates that there exits gender discrimination in the hiring of coaches in women's college basketball, based on the following information: Every Division I college men's basketball program has a male head coach (no women coaches); alternatively, males makeup 40 percent of the coaches at women's college basketball teams with 60 percent filled by female coaches. In addition, data indicate that women coaches are on average paid about 5 percent less than male coaches.

(a) Explain how these observed differences may support the hypothesis of employer discrimination against women (i.e., schools discriminate against women coaches).

(b) Explain how the findings may support another form of discrimination, or not necessarily indicate there exists discrimination at all.

(c) Now you want to rigorously test whether there exists wage (and/or hiring) gender discrimination among coaches in women's college basketball. Describe clearly how you would approach the problem and the information you need to do so. For instance, write out an equation to statistically estimate with relevant variables to include in the model. Describe the data that you need (or would like) to collect for the study. How would you measure coaching performance/productivity? How would you measure gender? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your measures.

(d) Suppose that you find, statistically speaking, evidence that women coaches are paid less than their male counterparts, all other factors constant. According to the Becker model of discrimination, would you expect this discrimination to persist in this college coaching labor market? Explain.