A company had inventory on November 1 of 12 units at a cost of $16 each. On November 2, they purchased 17 units at $17 each. On November 6, they purchased 13 units at $18 each. On November 8, 15 units were sold for $28 each. Using the LIFO perpetual inventory method, what was the value of the inventory on November 8 after the sale?

a) $447

b) $459

c) $478

d) $461

e) $432