A corporation had the following assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of this year.

a$.$ Owner made no investments in the business, and no dividends were paid during the year.

b$.$ Owner made no investments in the business, but dividends were $$650$ cash per month.

c$.$ No dividends were paid during the year, but the owner did invest an additional $$45,000$ cash in exchange for common stock.

d$.$ Dividends were $$650$ cash per month, and the owner invested an additional $$35,000$ cash in exchange for common stock.

Determine the net income earned or net loss incurred by the business during the year for each of the above separate cases:

$($Decreases in equity should be indicated with a minus sign.$)$