A cylindrical rod of diameter $20$ mm and length $1$ m is subjected to a tensile force of $30$ kN$.$ Calculate the stress and strain in the rod. Assume Young's modulus for the material is $210$ GPa.

Thermodynamics:

A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures $500$ K and $300$ K$.$ If the engine absorbs $600$ J of heat from the hot reservoir, calculate the work done by the engine and the heat rejected to the cold reservoir.

Fluid Mechanics:

Water flows through a pipe with a diameter of $0\mathrm{.}1$ m at a velocity of $2$ m$/$s$.$ Calculate the Reynolds number and determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. $($Assume the kinematic viscosity of water is $1\mathrm{.}0$ x $10^-6$ m$^2/$s$)$

Heat Transfer:

A flat plate of width $1$ m and length $2$ m is maintained at a temperature of $100$C and is exposed to air at $25$C with a heat transfer coefficient of $50$ W$/$m$^2$K$.$ Calculate the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the air.

Dynamics:

A $10$ kg mass is attached to a spring with a spring constant of $200$ N$/$m$.$ If the mass is displaced by $0\mathrm{.}1$ m and released, calculate the natural frequency of oscillation.

Machine Design:

A helical compression spring made of steel has a wire diameter of $5$ mm$,$ a mean coil diameter of $30$ mm$,$ and $10$ active coils. Calculate the spring rate $($stiffness$)$ and the maximum load the spring can carry without yielding $($Assume the shear modulus G $=80$ GPa and the yield strength in shear is $400$ MPa$).$

Manufacturing Processes:

Calculate the material removal rate $($MRR$)$ for a turning operation where a cylindrical workpiece of diameter $50$ mm is reduced to $45$ mm at a cutting speed of $100$ m$/$min and feed rate of $0\mathrm{.}2$ mm$/$rev$.$

Control Systems:

A unity feedback control system has an open$-$loop transfer function G$($s$)=10/($s$($s$+2)).$ Determine the system's steady$-$state error for a unit step input.

Mechanics of Materials:

A beam of length $4$ m is simply supported at both ends and carries a uniformly distributed load of $5$ kN$/$m$.$ Calculate the maximum bending moment in the beam.

Vibration Analysis:

A single$-$degree$-$of$-$freedom system with a mass of $5$ kg and a damping coefficient of $10$ Ns$/$m has a natural frequency of $2$ Hz$.$ Calculate the damping ratio and determine whether the system is underdamped, overdamped,

What is information security