A federal statute states that "anyone who crosses state lines for the purpose of selling a controlled substance" shall be subject to five years imprisonment, large fines, or both. Freddie crosses from New Jersey into New York to sell a small amount of marijuana to an undercover police officer. He is arrested and convicted of violating the federal statute. He appeals his conviction claiming that Congress lacked authority to pass the statute under its commerce power. Freddie's conviction should be: Group of answer choices Reversed, because the statute failed to require that the sale have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. Reversed, because crime cannot be a "commercial" or an "economic" activity. Upheld, because Congress can close the channels of interstate commerce to particular uses. Upheld, because sales, even of contraband, constitute economic activity under Lopez