A group of psychologists in California decide to investigate the power of norms relating to sustainable behavior. They chose a group of 60 households who were in the 80th-90th percentile of energy consumers in the neighborhood - these households used around the same amount of energy to start with (around 22.1 kWh/day). 30 households in the "descriptive norm" sample are given a note with information about their energy use (in kWh/day), descriptive normative information about the average household in their neighborhood, and a list of ways to conserve energy. The 30 participants in the "descriptive+injunctive norm" sample are given the same exact information, but with a (frowning emoji or negatively valenced emoticon) next to their household's energy usage information.The descriptive+injunctive norm group is referred to simply as "injunctive" in the data file.The participating households' energy usage was measured once two weeks after the message (short-term) and once six months after the message (long-term). The researchers then investigated if there were any significant differences between the two groups in the short-term and then again in the long-term. This is adapted & modified from a real study,Schultz et. al (2007), published in the journal Psychological Science.

Open the data file called EnergyUse.csv Look at the data files.

Add the variable labels for the grouping variable: 1=descriptive, 2=injunctive

1a. Identify the Indep. Variable(s):__b. Dep. Variable(s):__

c. Is the Hypothesis one-tailed or two-tailed?__

d. Proper t-test statistic:__ Why? _

e. Describe the sample: get the mean and SD for household size and frequencies for income level

2. Short-term: State Hypotheses in words.

H₀: __

H₁: __

Long-term: State Hypotheses in words.

H₀: __

H₁: __