A hotel chain decided that they wanted to force users to use their on$-$premises Wi$-$Fi and pay for it$.$ To do so$,$ they employed devices that were capable of committing denial$-$of$-$service attacks against customers' personal Wi$-$Fi access points.

Which of the following devices did they MOST likely use?

A

VPN

B

Jammer

C

Crimper

D

Captive portal