A space probe is in a circular orbit around Sun at the mean Sun$-$Earth distance. The space probe is far away

from Earth.

$($a$)$ What is the probe's speed based on force and acceleration? $[3]$

$($b$)$ Check your answer using the duration of a year and the length of the path that Earth travels in a year. $[2].$

$($c$)$ By what factor does the speed have to be increased for the space probe to leave the solar system?