1. A study was conducted to determine whether an expectant mother's cigarette smoking has any effect on the bone mineral content of her otherwise healthy child. A sample of 77 newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy has mean bone mineral content 0.098 g/cm and standard deviation 0.026 g/cm; a sample of 161 infants whose mothers did not smoke has mean 0.096 g/cm and standard deviation 0.025 g/cm. You can assume that the underlying population variances are equal.

A) Are the two samples of data paired or independent?

B) State the null and alternative hypotheses of the two-sided test.

C) Conduct the test at the 0.05 significance level. What do you conclude?