A. total body mass (kg) = 74 kg

B. muscle moment arm (m)= 0.06

C. arm length (m) = 0.27

D. distance from the acromion process to the CoM of the arm (m) =0.53

E. arm mass (kg) = 3.7

F. force of gravity on the arm's mass (N) = 36.3

G. force of the 10lb weight (N) = 44.4

Dempster's Body Segment Parameter Data for 2-D Studies' Segment Endpoints Seg. mass Centre of mass Radius of gyration name (proximal to total mass /segment length /segment length distal) (P) (K) Hand wrist axis to 0.0060 0.506 0.494 0.297 0.587 0.577 knuckle II third finger Forearm elbow axis to 0.0160 0.430 0.570 0.303 0.526 0.647 ulnar styloid Upper glenohumeral joint to 0.0280 0.436 0.564 0.322 0.542 0.645 arm elbow axis Forearm elbow axis to 0.0220 0.682 0.318 0.468 0.827 0.565 & hand ulnar styloid Upper glenohumeral joint to 0.0500 0.530 0.470 0.368 0.645 0.596 extremity knuckle II third finger Foot lateral malleolus to 0.0145 0.500 0.500 0.475 0.690 0.690 head metatarsal II Leg femoral condyles to 0.0465 0.433 0.567 0.302 0.528 0.643 medial malleolus Thigh greater trochanter to 0.1000 0.433 0.567 0.323 0.540 0.653 femoral condyles Leg femoral condyles to 0.0610 0.606 0.394 0.416 0.735 0.572 & foot medial malleolus Lower greater trochanter to 0.1610 0.447 0.553 0.326 0.560 0.650 extremity medial malleolus Head C7-TI to ear canal 0.0810 1.000 0,000 0.495 1.116 0.495 Shoulder stemoclavicular joint to 0.0158 0.712 0.288 glenohumeral joint Thorax C7-TI to T12-L1 0.2160 0.820 0.180 Abdomen T12-Ll to L4-L5 0.1390 0.440 0.560 Pelvis L4-L5 to trochanter 0.1420 0.105 0.895 Thorax C7-TI to L4-L5 0.3550 0.630 0.370 & abdomen Abdomen T12-LI to 0.2810 0.270 0.730 & pelvis greater trochanter Trunk greater trochanter to 0.4970 0.495 0.505 0.406 0.640 0.648 glenohumeral joint Trunk greater trochanter to 0.5780 0.660 0.340 0.503 0.830 0.607 & head glenohumeral joint Head, arms greater trochanter to 0.6780 0.626 0.374 0.496 0.798 0.621 & trunk glenohumeral joint Head, arms greater trochanter to 0.6780 1.142 -0.142 0.903 1.456 0.914 & trunk midnib From D.A. Winter, Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Second edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Toronto, 1990