A U$.$S$.$ manufacturer of men's shirts sells them in the U$.$S$.$ market for $$20$ but charges $$14$ in Asian markets. A distributor not in the manufacturer's channels of distribution system buys the shirts for $$14,$ then resells them in the United States for $$18.$ What is this an example of$?$

a$.$ reliability

b$.$ share of wallet

c$.$ gray marketing

d$.$ dumping