A U.S. based investor purchased 100 shares of Brazilian mining giant Vale (VALE) for R$28.98 and sold them a year later for R$26.5. At the time of purchase, the Brazilian Real was trading at R$2.341 per U.S. dollar and at the time of the sale of the VALE shares the Brazilian Real was trading at R$2.667 per U.S. dollar. Calculate the U.S. dollar-based percentage return earned by the investor.

ANSWER IS -19.74. Please explain how to find answer in detail.

If the current exchange rate is $1.2,317/, and the annualized six-month money market rate in the Euro zone is 0.71% while the equivalent money market rate in the U.S. is 1.19%, the Direct quote for the six-month EURUSD forward rate (that is, in USD per EUR) should be:

ANSWER IS 1.2346. Please explain how to find answer in detail.