According to resource$-$based theory, organizations that own $$strategic resources$$ have important competitive advantages over organizations that do not. A resource is strategic to the extent that it follows the VRIO framework. Which of these scenarios for BMW does not align with the VRIO framework?

BMW invested $$1$ million into their assembly line procedures to improve effectiveness and efficiency

BMW$,$ Volvo, and Audi all use the same navigation technology.

BMW has made a new, unique, synthetic rubber mix for tires. It is unlikely any competitor will have access to the special fabric put into BMW$$s unique mix.

BMW has developed a transmission fluid mix for its specialty sports SUVs superior to any other competitor.

BMW structures its capital efficiently to provide the most benefit and value to the company and the company$$s needs.