According to Richard B. Freeman and Brendan Sweeney's essay "When Does Voice Lead to Exit?," three qualities show preparedness to lead change. Researchers believe that supervisors who lack charm and are unable to motivate their personnel may be unable to effectively explain the change. Managers who lack these three qualities may have difficulty retaining their workforce or getting their employees' support. When it comes to implementing change in the workplace, these three criteria are essential. Managers with charisma can "convey a compelling picture of the future," according to the authors (Freeman