1. According to the 2014 Canadian Community Health Survey, 23.1% of Canadians aged 18 or older were considered obese; that is, they had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Suppose you believe that the percentage of obese Canadians has decreased since 2014 and wish to test your belief. Identify the Type I error in this context.
2. After performing a hypothesis test, a first-year business statistics student found a p-value of 0.047. In their conclusion, they state that, given the data, there is a 4.7% chance the null hypothesis is true. And thus, they decide to reject the null hypothesis. What is wrong with their conclusion?